david pritchard. bibliography.

Notes on DiRenzo, Cima and Barber, Parking Management Tactics Volume III [1]

It should be noted that parking management tactics are not limited to actions restricting the use of passenger vehicles. Rather, they include many actions that are intended to more effectively use roadway capacity, manage parking supply and/or encourage the economic growth of activity centers while promoting transportation, environmental, energy conservation and other community objectives.

[p. 1]

[T]he highly localized and potentially significant nature of the impacts associated with many tactics makes it extremely important (1) to encourage residential, business, governmental, and other interests to participate in the planning of such tactics and (2) to use accurate, current data on parking demand and supply for the study area in question. If either of these items is lacking, the credibility of the recommended parking management program can be jeopardized.

[p. 2]

Types of Parking Management Tactics On-Street Parking Supply

• Add or remove spaces
• Change mix of short and long-term parking
• Parking restrictions
  • Peak period restrictions
  • Off-peak restrictions
  • Alternate side parking by time of day and/or day of week
  • Permissible parking durations
  • Prohibitions on parking before specified hours
• Residential Parking Permit Programs
• Carpool/Vanpool preferential parking
  • Carpool/vanpool meters
  • Carpool/vanpool stickers
• Loading zone regulations
  • Bus
  • Taxi
  • Delivery
  • Diplomat

Off-Street Parking Supply in Activity Centers

• Expand or restrict off-street supply in CBD and activity centers
  • Zoning requirements
    • Minimum requirements
    • Maximum requirements
    • Joint use
  • Constrain normal growth in supply
    • Maximum ceiling (i.e. freeze) on CBD spaces
    • Reduced minimum parking requirements through HOV and transit incentives
    • Restrict principal use parking facilities
  • Construct new lots and garages
• Change mix of short and long-term parking
• Restrict parking before or during selected hours of the day
• Preferential parking
  • Carpool/vanpool parking
  • Handicapped parking
  • Small vehicle spaces

Fringe and Corridor Parking

• Fringe parking
• Park and Ride parking
• Carpool/Vanpool parking

Pricing

• Change parking rates
  • Increase rates
    • Parking price increase
    • Parking rate structure revision
    • Parking tax
    • Parking surcharge
  • Decrease rates
  • Free parking in CBD
  • Differential pricing programs
    • Short-term vs. long-term rates
    • Carpool/vanpool discounts
    • Vehicle size discounts
    • Geographically differentiated rates
    • Monthly contract rates
• Merchant shopper discounts
  • Stamp programs
  • Token programs
• Employer parking subsidies
  • Reduce subsidies
  • Transit/HOV subsidies

Enforcement and Adjudication

• Enforcement
  • Non-police enforcement personnel
  • Ticketing
  • Towing
  • Booting
• Adjudication
  • Administrative
  • Judicial

Marketing

• Advertising
  • Brochures
  • Maps
  • Media
• Convenience Programs (i.e., monthly contracts)

[p. 5]

See also http://www.fta.dot.gov/library/planning/tdmstatus/FTAPRKSP.HTM

Bibliography

1

John F. DiRenzo, Bart Cima, and Edward Barber.
Parking management tactics.
Technical Report FHWA-PL-81-010, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., USA, 1981.